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  • The Most Likely Flooded Soil in Terengganu State during Historically Greatest Rainfall Intensity

    The Most Likely Flooded Soil in Terengganu State during Historically Greatest Rainfall Intensity

    Authors: Sunny Goh Eng Giap (Universiti Malaysia Terengganu) ; Amirul Asyraf Zakaria (Universiti Malaysia Terengganu) ;  Mohammad Fadhli Ahmad (Universiti Malaysia Terengganu) ; Muhammad Zamir Abdul Rasid (Soil Science, Water & Fertilizer Research Centre (SF)) ; Chee-Ming Chan (Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia) ; Mohd Sofiyan Sulaiman (Universiti Malaysia Terengganu) ; Rudiyanto (Universiti Malaysia Terengganu) ; Khasifah Muhamad (MARDI Cameron Highlands) ; Ting Chee Ling (Green Earth Consultancy & Services PLT) ; Hanhan Maulana (Universitas Komputer Indonesia)

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37934/araset.41.2.152163

    Abstract

    Water infiltration in the soil is an essential topic for investigation because soil fully saturated with water forms standing water that leads to flooding on top of the soil. Soil investigation is vital for agricultural study due to the necessity to know soil carrying capacity in holding water, field capacity, and also the soil temperature for biological activities and chemical reactions. However, human urbanization and expansion into previously unexplored soil areas could lead to unnecessary environmental stress, such as floods. Floodwater forms when the rainfall intensity exceeds soil water infiltration. The flood event is crucial since it affects the human livelihood and facility damages. Therefore, a good understanding of soil hydraulic water infiltration helps better understanding the cause of flood occurrence. The current study examines the soil series in Terengganu state with its soil properties concerning the soil water characteristics curve, which indicates the soil’s ability to absorb and allow water movement in the ground. The equation used was the improved Richards’ equation that can be applied to examine the standing water or floodwater impacts on water infiltration. Also, the unsaturated soil moisture movement conditions can be investigated. The simulation equation verifies with benchmark datasets that was solved on Richards’ equation using a different numerical method. The twelve-soil series of Terengganu state subjected to water infiltration study subjected to flooded conditions, by exposing the soil to the highest rainfall identified in the history of Kuala Terengganu from 1985 to early 2023. The results reveal Jambu, Rhu Tapai and Rudua soil series’ water infiltration rate was greater than the rainfall intensity, whereas other soil series could not accommodate the rainfall intensity. Thus, other soil series areas will likely encounter flooded conditions when exposed to heavy rainfall, as has occurred in history.

    Keywords

    Water flux in soil, Rainfall intensity on soil, Terengganu flood management, Saturated soil

    This article can be accessed at https://semarakilmu.com.my/journals/index.php/applied_sciences_eng_tech/article/view/2166

  • Study of Visual and Analysis Ornaments on the Mosque of Hunto Sultan Amay Gorontalo

    Study of Visual and Analysis Ornaments on the Mosque of Hunto Sultan Amay Gorontalo

    Author: Risti Puspita Sari Hunowu

    DOI: 10.34010/ARTIC.2019.4.2418.167-176

    Abstract

    This research is aimed at studying the Hunto Sultan Amay Mosque located in Gorontalo City. Hunto Sultan Amay Mosque is the oldest mosque in the city of Gorontalo The Hunto Sultan Amay Mosque was built as proof of Sultan Amay’s love for a daughter and is a representation of Islam in Gorontalo. Researchers will investigate the visual form of the Hunto Sultan Amay Mosque which was originally like an ancient mosque in the archipelago. can be seen from the shape of the roof which initially used an overlapping roof and then converted into a dome as well as mosques in the world, we can be sure the Hunto Sultan Amay Mosque uses a dome roof after the arrival of Dutch Colonial. The researcher used a qualitative method by observing the existing form in detail from the building of the mosque with an aesthetic approach, reviewing objects and selecting the selected ornament giving a classification of the shapes, so that the section became a reference for the author as research material.Based on the analysis of this thesis, the form of the Hunto Sultan Amay mosque as well as the mosques located in the archipelago and the existence of ornaments in the Hunto Sultan Amay Mosque as a decorative structure support the grandeur of a mosque. On the other hand, Hunto Mosque ornaments reveal a teaching. The form of a teaching is manifested in the form of motives and does not depict living beings in a realist or naturalist manner. The decorative forms of the Hunto Sultan Sultan Mosque in general tend to lead to a form of flora, geometric ornaments, and ornament of calligraphy dominated by the distinctive colors of Islam, namely gold, white, red, yellow and green. © The Author(s) 2018.

    Author keywords

    Dome; Esthetics; Hunto Sultan Amay Mosque; Morphology; Ornamentation; Overlapping Roof


    This article can be accessed at: https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85115240799

  • Experimental Study of Dam Break Flow Generated by The Flap Gate in Horizontal Channel

    Experimental Study of Dam Break Flow Generated by The Flap Gate in Horizontal Channel

    Authors: Vitta Pratiwi ; Muhammad Syahril Badri Kusuma ; Hadi Kardhana ; Mohammad Farid

    DOI: 10.21660/2020.75.16098

    Abstract

    The risk of dam break failure become one of the most important issues to decide the feasibility of reservoir and dam development in Indonesia. This paper presents an experimental work result of a dam break flow through a single oblique obstruction in a straight rectangular channel. The dam break flow was generated by a sudden swing of a flap gate set on the contraction join of a horizontal reservoir and a horizontal channel. The initial condition of the dam break flow is set up based on the water height in this reservoir. A spatial temporal measurement of depth and velocity of the generated dam-break flow was conducted around the obstruction. The flow depth was measured using an ultrasonic-based sensor supported by a GPRS communication system, and the flow velocity was measured using a high-speed type current meter. Less correlation between the measured depth and velocity flow in the first of three seconds after the flow generation, where the flow has a high intensity of turbulent, was observed due to the limitation of data acquisition capacity. Compared to Noel’s experimental works where the dam-break mechanism is simulated using an uplift gate, the flow depth and velocity profiles of the current experimental work have a good agreement in its pattern and in less agreement in its magnitude. Meanwhile, compared to Noel’s numerical model result, it has fewer agreement results. These differences might be occurred due to the influences of differences dam break mechanism and data acquisition system. © 2020, Int. J. of GEOMATE.

    Author keywords

    Dam break; Experimental model; Flap Gate; Flood flow; Horizontal Channel


    This article can be accessed at: https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85096925617

  • Showcasing 28 Best Works, Majang Kawani Strengthens The Competitiveness of Students in The Visual Communication Design and Graphic Design Programs at The UNIKOM Faculty of Design

    Showcasing 28 Best Works, Majang Kawani Strengthens The Competitiveness of Students in The Visual Communication Design and Graphic Design Programs at The UNIKOM Faculty of Design

    BANDUNG, UNIKOM — Tuesday, April 7, 2026, The Visual Communication Design (VCD) and Graphic Design (GD) programs at the Faculty of Design, Universitas Komputer Indonesia (UNIKOM), held an exhibition of undergraduate (Bachelor’s and Associate’s) thesis and final projects for the odd semester of the 2025/2026 academic year, titled “Majang Kawani.”

    Held on the 6th-floor atrium of the Faculty of Design, UNIKOM Smart Building, “Majang Kawani” is a regular event held every semester as a platform for appreciating and showcasing the works of final-year students in both the bachelor’s and diploma programs. Additionally, the event serves as a space to demonstrate the quality and competitiveness of UNIKOM students’ works in the creative industry.

    The Dean of the UNIKOM Faculty of Design, Prof. Dr. Ir. Lia Warlina, M.Si., in her opening remarks, expressed appreciation to the students for their achievements. “Congratulations to all students who have completed their final projects and produced works, whether in the form of designs or theses. As a design practitioner, the courage to present and showcase one’s work is of utmost importance. There is no need to fear shortcomings, because that is where the learning process and refinement take place. What matters most is how the work can continue to evolve, adapt, and provide benefits,” she said.

    Furthermore, Prof. Lia stated, “I hope all the works on display can serve as inspiration, not only for fellow students but also for the wider community. May these works mark the beginning of a long journey toward success in the world of design,” concluded Prof. Lia.

    Final Project Coordinator, Deni Albar, S.Sn., M.Ds., explained that the exhibition serves as proof of the Design Faculty students’ presence in both academic and industrial spheres. “Final project exhibitions like ‘Majang Kawani’ aim to demonstrate that the quality of our students’ work is on par with that of students from other institutions. This also serves as a reference for underclassmen to emulate the success of the final project participants,” said Deni.

    In this edition, the exhibition featured 28 participants, comprising 5 students in the thesis category and the rest in the final project category. The final projects on display were divided into several categories, including visual identity, production or advertising design, social campaigns, and information media. Deni added that the trend in project categories remains dominated by information media, although the promotion and advertising categories also show increasing interest from students.

    Meanwhile, Faisal Alzaid Nugraha, a student representative from UNIKOM’s Visual Communication Design program who also exhibited his work, stated, “Through this Majang Kawani event, I received a great deal of feedback from my academic advisors. On this occasion, I presented a promotional product for the ‘Ceu Kokom’ meatball stall, focusing on the issue of commercial persuasion in promotional media,” he explained. At the end of his statement, Faisal also expressed his hope to underclassmen who will be working on their theses or final projects to stay motivated, persevere, and continue creating without limits to produce their best work.

    Through “Majang Kawani,” the UNIKOM Faculty of Design reaffirms its commitment to producing outstanding, creative, and adaptable graduates who address challenges through the visual solutions needed for industrial development, while simultaneously strengthening UNIKOM position as a productive educational institution in generating innovative works. (Directorat of Hms & Pro)

  • Chatbot Based Applications on Smart Home Use Natural Language Processing

    Chatbot Based Applications on Smart Home Use Natural Language Processing

    Authors: Sri Nurhayati ; Joko Purwantoa

    DOI: 10.18517/ijaseit.11.2.10537

    Abstract

    Smart Home technology development is directly proportional to the emergence of various applications as access media. Currently, many Smart Home applications do not use the concept of human-machine interaction (HMI). The problem that often arises in the interaction between humans and machines is that humans must understand what the machine wants to have wrong perceptions about the system. In this study, the solution is proposed with the HMI concept, which uses natural language interaction through the chatbot application as an interactive medium to control and monitor Smart Home devices. In this study, the chatbot application implements the Natural Language Processing (NLP) text recognition process. User acceptance of the system is carried out using the evaluation stage. Thirty users participated in an in-depth usage study in which they tackled using the system. This research aims to create an application that can make it easier for users to control various devices on a Smart Home through natural language interaction and to analyze the performance of the NLP method. The results showed that most users (90%) believed that the application can help users control and monitor Smart Home devices. The NLP application on the chatbot application provides a success rate of 93.3% where the results obtained from the chatbot response depend on the completeness of the token. © 2021. All Rights Reserved

    Author keywords

    chatbot application; natural language processing; Smart home

    This article can be accessed at: https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85110006231

  • IoT Implementation for Server Room Security Monitoring Using Telegram API

    IoT Implementation for Server Room Security Monitoring Using Telegram API

    Authors: Mochamad Fajar Wicaksono ; Myrna Dwi Rahmatya; Ilham

    DOI: 10.18517/ijaseit.12.5.13922

    Abstract

    This research aims to create a system that can monitor server room security by utilizing IoT technology, controllers, sensors, actuators, and Telegram API. The system made includes security for the indoor and outdoor parts. The method used in this study is experimental. The output obtained by the user is telegram text messages, photos, and video. The main controller on this system is the Raspberry Pi. This study showed that if the server room temperature is >230C, the system will send a message via Telegram. If the PIR sensor_1 or PIR sensor_2 detects an intruder or the measured distance is <300cm from the side of the door, the system will send text messages, photos, and videos via Telegram. That way, the user can determine the next steps related to the condition of the server room. However, if the RFID tag is recognized, the solenoid door lock, PIR, and ultrasonic will be deactivated. Other features, Users can ask the system to record a video of the room conditions and also messages related to room temperature through commands sent via Telegram messages. Testing is carried out using 3 scenarios: testing command, testing regarding valid access, and testing regarding invalid temperature and intruder detection. Overall test results show all these tests were successful 100% and followed the objectives and program scenarios. This tool has fulfilled the objective where this tool can monitor the condition and security of the server room by utilizing IoT technology. © 2022, International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology. All Rights Reserved.

    Author keywords

    Iot; Monitoring; Raspberry pi; Server room; Telegram
    This article can be accessed at: https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85141765608

  • Exploring the Landscape of Deep Learning Techniques for IoT Data: A Systematic Literature Review

    Exploring the Landscape of Deep Learning Techniques for IoT Data: A Systematic Literature Review

    Authors: Ansarullah Lawi ; Aulia Agung Dermawan ; Dwi Ely Kurniawan ; Ivan Muhammad Reza ; Feberlian Elisabeth Gulo ; Zainal Arifin Hasibuan

    DOI: 10.18517/ijaseit.15.2.20226

    Abstract

    The rapid evolution of software, hardware, and internet technology has enabled the proliferation of internet-connected sensor tools that gather information and observations from the physical world. The IoT comprises billions of intelligent devices, extending physical and virtual boundaries. However, traditional data processing methods face significant challenges in handling the vast volume and variety of IoT data. This paper systematically reviews. These devices generate vast amounts of data daily, with diverse applications crucial for generating new knowledge, identifying future trends, and making informed decisions. This underscores IoT’s value and enhances technology. Deep learning (DL) has significantly enhanced IoT and mobile applications, demonstrating promising outcomes. Its data-driven, anomaly-based approach for detecting emerging threats positions it well for IoT intrusion detection. This paper proposes a comprehensive framework leveraging DL techniques to address data processing challenges in IoT environments and enhance intelligence and application capabilities. Furthermore, this study systematically reviews and categorizes existing deep learning techniques applied in IoT, identifies critical challenges in IoT data processing, and provides actionable insights to inspire further research in this domain. It discusses the introduction of IoT and its data processing challenges and explores various DL approaches applied to IoT data. Significant DL efforts in IoT are surveyed and summarized, focusing on datasets, features, applications, and challenges to inspire further advancements in this field. © (2025), (International Journal on Advanced Science). All rights reserved.

    Author keywords

    anomaly detection; data processing; deep learning; IoT; literature review
    This article can be accessed at: https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105005194401

  • BREATHING TECHNIQUES FOR MANAGING PERFORMANCE ANXIETY

    BREATHING TECHNIQUES FOR MANAGING PERFORMANCE ANXIETY

    Summary written by Professor Bettina Meiser, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia

    Students can benefit from simple breathing and relaxation exercises, including diaphragmatic breathing, box breathing, a grounding technique called the 5-4-3-2-1 method, and progressive muscle relaxation.

    Diaphragmatic Breathing

    Diaphragmatic Breathing (4-6 cycles)

    Diaphragmatic breathing calms the autonomic nervous system. Diaphragmatic (belly) breathing involves inhaling deeply through the nose, allowing the abdomen to expand while keeping the chest relatively still, and then exhaling slowly.

    Diagram/Visualization of Steps

    (Adapted from the University of Mississippi Medical Center)

    1. Starting Position: Lie on your back or sit comfortably. Place one hand on your chest and the other on your abdomen (just above the navel).
    2. Inspiration (Inhale): Inhale slowly through your nose. Focus on allowing your abdomen to expand outward (the hand on your belly should rise) while your chest remains still.
    3. Expiration (Exhale): Exhale slowly through your mouth (or nose) while tightening your abdominal muscles. Your belly will pull inward (the hand on your belly should fall). 

    BOX BREATHING
    Box breathing also calms the autonomic nervous system. Box breathing, or square breathing, is a simple four-step stress reduction technique that involves equal 4-second counts for inhaling, holding the breath, exhaling, and holding the breath empty.

    GROUNDING TECHNIQUE

    A well-known grounding technique is the 5-4-3-2-1 method. This involves identifying 5 things you can see, 4 things you can touch, 3 things you can hear, 2 things you can smell, and 1 thing you can taste. This exercise can quickly pull an individual out of an overwhelming or anxious state, or a flashback, and bring them back to the present moment.


    PROGRESSIVE MUSCLE RELAXATION

    This technique involves systematically tensing and then relaxing specific muscle groups, usually starting from the toes and moving up to the head. Progressive muscle relaxation can be practiced either sitting in a comfortable chair or lying down on a bed or mat, depending on your preference and location.

  • AI-Driven Strategies for Inclusive and Sustainable Urbanization

    Authors: Mazni Omar ; Samsul Ariffin Abdul Karim ; Amirulikhsan Zolkafi ; Mazida Ahmad

    DOI: 10.1201/9781003630371

    Abstract

    This book explores the transformative potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in reshaping urban development practices. Its objective is to provide a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in AI-driven strategies for urban development and governance, with a focus on promoting inclusivity, sustainability, and resilience in cities worldwide. This book studies how AI technologies can be utilized to tackle the complex challenges encountered in urban areas, spanning ethical, social, and environmental implications across urban governance and beyond. The in-depth analysis in this book uncovers the potential of AI in addressing longstanding challenges and seizing new opportunities in urban contexts, offering insights into wide-ranging applications. For the use of AI in urban planning, the authors showcase applications that help reduce environmental impact while enhancing accessibility for underserved communities by analyzing real-time data on land use, transportation, and population needs. Another topic in this book examines AI-powered urban mobility systems, utilizing software that integrates real-time data to create adaptive transportation networks. These systems offer efficient, eco-friendly travel solutions tailored to diverse populations, including individuals with disabilities, by dynamically adjusting routes and services. Additionally, this book delves into digital inclusion and accessible technologies in smart cities, highlighting software that prioritizes accessibility and digital inclusion, ensuring that all residents, regardless of ability, can fully participate in urban life. The interdisciplinary approach allows readers to understand how different fields, such as technology, urban planning, and social policy, intersect and shape AI-driven urban development. By weaving together insights from these diverse areas, this book demonstrates how AI can address real-world challenges, from improving infrastructure to fostering sustainability and inclusivity in cities. This perspective helps readers grasp the broader impact of AI, showing how it can enhance various aspects of urban life, including social equity and environmental resilience. Through interdisciplinary research, case studies, and expert insights, this book aims to educate students in higher learning and inspire policymakers, urban planners, and practitioners to leverage AI technologies in addressing urban challenges and build better cities for all residents. © 2026 selection and editorial matter, Mazni Omar, Samsul Ariffin Abdul Karim, Amirulikhsan Zolkafli, and Mazida Ahmad; individual chapters, the contributors.

    Indexed keywords

    Engineering controlled terms

    Artificial intelligence; Environmental impact; Environmental technology; Land use; Real time systems; Sustainable city; Sustainable development; Transportation routes; Urban growth; Urban transportation

    Engineering uncontrolled terms

    Artificial intelligence technologies; Development practices; Digital inclusion; Ethical implications; Real-time data; Social implication; Urban areas; Urban development; Urban governance; Urban life

    Engineering main heading

    Population statistics
    This book can be accessed at: https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105022398967

  • Water Vapor Movement on Mass and Heat Transport in the Perspective of Water Vapor Buoyancy: A Review

    Authors: Khairul Ikhwan Mohd Jamalluddin ; Sunny Goh Eng Giap ; Mohammad Fadhli Ahmad ; Hanhan Maulana ; Senny Luckyardi

    DOI: 10.37934/arnht.19.1.1528

    Abstract

    In 1957, the governing equation of mass and heat transport in the soil or porous media was popularised, now commonly referred to as PdV theory. This governing equation helps to quantify and simulate the water, vapor and heat in porous media. But at the same time, due to the fundamental uncertainty parameter in the equation, it was continuously updated. The equation predicting vapor flux movement in the soil has been the subject of many investigations. The vapor enhancement factor (VEF) was introduced to overcome the issue. When VEF was introduced, a few researchers were able to quantify the factor, but could not provide the guiding mechanism representing the observation. In the latest review from a literature study, we found a new form of equation to improve the VEF. It comes from the basis of the universal gas law, which describes the volume expansion from liquid water to vapor, and also the vapor buoyancy. This study aims to review water vapor movement and vapor buoyancy phenomenon. Also, to identify the parameters of the equations that contribute to the vapor buoyancy effect. The water vapor movement should not be neglected in the governing equation because its contribution to the overall mass movement is significant. Vapor buoyancy is possible to become a mechanism out from VEF. The parameters that contribute to vapor buoyancy effect are gravity, soil temperature, vapor density and water salinity. Clearly, understanding vapor buoyancy effect helps us better predict the distribution of soil temperature and soil moisture content. © 2024, Penerbit Akademia Baru. All rights reserved.

    Author keywords

    Mass and heat transport; Porous media; Vapor buoyancy; Vapor flux; Vapor movement


    This article can be accessed at: https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/8519324924