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  • The Most Likely Flooded Soil in Terengganu State during Historically Greatest Rainfall Intensity

    The Most Likely Flooded Soil in Terengganu State during Historically Greatest Rainfall Intensity

    Authors: Sunny Goh Eng Giap (Universiti Malaysia Terengganu) ; Amirul Asyraf Zakaria (Universiti Malaysia Terengganu) ;  Mohammad Fadhli Ahmad (Universiti Malaysia Terengganu) ; Muhammad Zamir Abdul Rasid (Soil Science, Water & Fertilizer Research Centre (SF)) ; Chee-Ming Chan (Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia) ; Mohd Sofiyan Sulaiman (Universiti Malaysia Terengganu) ; Rudiyanto (Universiti Malaysia Terengganu) ; Khasifah Muhamad (MARDI Cameron Highlands) ; Ting Chee Ling (Green Earth Consultancy & Services PLT) ; Hanhan Maulana (Universitas Komputer Indonesia)

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37934/araset.41.2.152163

    Abstract

    Water infiltration in the soil is an essential topic for investigation because soil fully saturated with water forms standing water that leads to flooding on top of the soil. Soil investigation is vital for agricultural study due to the necessity to know soil carrying capacity in holding water, field capacity, and also the soil temperature for biological activities and chemical reactions. However, human urbanization and expansion into previously unexplored soil areas could lead to unnecessary environmental stress, such as floods. Floodwater forms when the rainfall intensity exceeds soil water infiltration. The flood event is crucial since it affects the human livelihood and facility damages. Therefore, a good understanding of soil hydraulic water infiltration helps better understanding the cause of flood occurrence. The current study examines the soil series in Terengganu state with its soil properties concerning the soil water characteristics curve, which indicates the soil’s ability to absorb and allow water movement in the ground. The equation used was the improved Richards’ equation that can be applied to examine the standing water or floodwater impacts on water infiltration. Also, the unsaturated soil moisture movement conditions can be investigated. The simulation equation verifies with benchmark datasets that was solved on Richards’ equation using a different numerical method. The twelve-soil series of Terengganu state subjected to water infiltration study subjected to flooded conditions, by exposing the soil to the highest rainfall identified in the history of Kuala Terengganu from 1985 to early 2023. The results reveal Jambu, Rhu Tapai and Rudua soil series’ water infiltration rate was greater than the rainfall intensity, whereas other soil series could not accommodate the rainfall intensity. Thus, other soil series areas will likely encounter flooded conditions when exposed to heavy rainfall, as has occurred in history.

    Keywords

    Water flux in soil, Rainfall intensity on soil, Terengganu flood management, Saturated soil

    This article can be accessed at https://semarakilmu.com.my/journals/index.php/applied_sciences_eng_tech/article/view/2166

  • Study of Visual and Analysis Ornaments on the Mosque of Hunto Sultan Amay Gorontalo

    Study of Visual and Analysis Ornaments on the Mosque of Hunto Sultan Amay Gorontalo

    Author: Risti Puspita Sari Hunowu

    DOI: 10.34010/ARTIC.2019.4.2418.167-176

    Abstract

    This research is aimed at studying the Hunto Sultan Amay Mosque located in Gorontalo City. Hunto Sultan Amay Mosque is the oldest mosque in the city of Gorontalo The Hunto Sultan Amay Mosque was built as proof of Sultan Amay’s love for a daughter and is a representation of Islam in Gorontalo. Researchers will investigate the visual form of the Hunto Sultan Amay Mosque which was originally like an ancient mosque in the archipelago. can be seen from the shape of the roof which initially used an overlapping roof and then converted into a dome as well as mosques in the world, we can be sure the Hunto Sultan Amay Mosque uses a dome roof after the arrival of Dutch Colonial. The researcher used a qualitative method by observing the existing form in detail from the building of the mosque with an aesthetic approach, reviewing objects and selecting the selected ornament giving a classification of the shapes, so that the section became a reference for the author as research material.Based on the analysis of this thesis, the form of the Hunto Sultan Amay mosque as well as the mosques located in the archipelago and the existence of ornaments in the Hunto Sultan Amay Mosque as a decorative structure support the grandeur of a mosque. On the other hand, Hunto Mosque ornaments reveal a teaching. The form of a teaching is manifested in the form of motives and does not depict living beings in a realist or naturalist manner. The decorative forms of the Hunto Sultan Sultan Mosque in general tend to lead to a form of flora, geometric ornaments, and ornament of calligraphy dominated by the distinctive colors of Islam, namely gold, white, red, yellow and green. © The Author(s) 2018.

    Author keywords

    Dome; Esthetics; Hunto Sultan Amay Mosque; Morphology; Ornamentation; Overlapping Roof


    This article can be accessed at: https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85115240799

  • Experimental Study of Dam Break Flow Generated by The Flap Gate in Horizontal Channel

    Experimental Study of Dam Break Flow Generated by The Flap Gate in Horizontal Channel

    Authors: Vitta Pratiwi ; Muhammad Syahril Badri Kusuma ; Hadi Kardhana ; Mohammad Farid

    DOI: 10.21660/2020.75.16098

    Abstract

    The risk of dam break failure become one of the most important issues to decide the feasibility of reservoir and dam development in Indonesia. This paper presents an experimental work result of a dam break flow through a single oblique obstruction in a straight rectangular channel. The dam break flow was generated by a sudden swing of a flap gate set on the contraction join of a horizontal reservoir and a horizontal channel. The initial condition of the dam break flow is set up based on the water height in this reservoir. A spatial temporal measurement of depth and velocity of the generated dam-break flow was conducted around the obstruction. The flow depth was measured using an ultrasonic-based sensor supported by a GPRS communication system, and the flow velocity was measured using a high-speed type current meter. Less correlation between the measured depth and velocity flow in the first of three seconds after the flow generation, where the flow has a high intensity of turbulent, was observed due to the limitation of data acquisition capacity. Compared to Noel’s experimental works where the dam-break mechanism is simulated using an uplift gate, the flow depth and velocity profiles of the current experimental work have a good agreement in its pattern and in less agreement in its magnitude. Meanwhile, compared to Noel’s numerical model result, it has fewer agreement results. These differences might be occurred due to the influences of differences dam break mechanism and data acquisition system. © 2020, Int. J. of GEOMATE.

    Author keywords

    Dam break; Experimental model; Flap Gate; Flood flow; Horizontal Channel


    This article can be accessed at: https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85096925617

  • Showcasing 28 Best Works, Majang Kawani Strengthens The Competitiveness of Students in The Visual Communication Design and Graphic Design Programs at The UNIKOM Faculty of Design

    Showcasing 28 Best Works, Majang Kawani Strengthens The Competitiveness of Students in The Visual Communication Design and Graphic Design Programs at The UNIKOM Faculty of Design

    BANDUNG, UNIKOM — Tuesday, April 7, 2026, The Visual Communication Design (VCD) and Graphic Design (GD) programs at the Faculty of Design, Universitas Komputer Indonesia (UNIKOM), held an exhibition of undergraduate (Bachelor’s and Associate’s) thesis and final projects for the odd semester of the 2025/2026 academic year, titled “Majang Kawani.”

    Held on the 6th-floor atrium of the Faculty of Design, UNIKOM Smart Building, “Majang Kawani” is a regular event held every semester as a platform for appreciating and showcasing the works of final-year students in both the bachelor’s and diploma programs. Additionally, the event serves as a space to demonstrate the quality and competitiveness of UNIKOM students’ works in the creative industry.

    The Dean of the UNIKOM Faculty of Design, Prof. Dr. Ir. Lia Warlina, M.Si., in her opening remarks, expressed appreciation to the students for their achievements. “Congratulations to all students who have completed their final projects and produced works, whether in the form of designs or theses. As a design practitioner, the courage to present and showcase one’s work is of utmost importance. There is no need to fear shortcomings, because that is where the learning process and refinement take place. What matters most is how the work can continue to evolve, adapt, and provide benefits,” she said.

    Furthermore, Prof. Lia stated, “I hope all the works on display can serve as inspiration, not only for fellow students but also for the wider community. May these works mark the beginning of a long journey toward success in the world of design,” concluded Prof. Lia.

    Final Project Coordinator, Deni Albar, S.Sn., M.Ds., explained that the exhibition serves as proof of the Design Faculty students’ presence in both academic and industrial spheres. “Final project exhibitions like ‘Majang Kawani’ aim to demonstrate that the quality of our students’ work is on par with that of students from other institutions. This also serves as a reference for underclassmen to emulate the success of the final project participants,” said Deni.

    In this edition, the exhibition featured 28 participants, comprising 5 students in the thesis category and the rest in the final project category. The final projects on display were divided into several categories, including visual identity, production or advertising design, social campaigns, and information media. Deni added that the trend in project categories remains dominated by information media, although the promotion and advertising categories also show increasing interest from students.

    Meanwhile, Faisal Alzaid Nugraha, a student representative from UNIKOM’s Visual Communication Design program who also exhibited his work, stated, “Through this Majang Kawani event, I received a great deal of feedback from my academic advisors. On this occasion, I presented a promotional product for the ‘Ceu Kokom’ meatball stall, focusing on the issue of commercial persuasion in promotional media,” he explained. At the end of his statement, Faisal also expressed his hope to underclassmen who will be working on their theses or final projects to stay motivated, persevere, and continue creating without limits to produce their best work.

    Through “Majang Kawani,” the UNIKOM Faculty of Design reaffirms its commitment to producing outstanding, creative, and adaptable graduates who address challenges through the visual solutions needed for industrial development, while simultaneously strengthening UNIKOM position as a productive educational institution in generating innovative works. (Directorat of Hms & Pro)

  • Chatbot Based Applications on Smart Home Use Natural Language Processing

    Chatbot Based Applications on Smart Home Use Natural Language Processing

    Authors: Sri Nurhayati ; Joko Purwantoa

    DOI: 10.18517/ijaseit.11.2.10537

    Abstract

    Smart Home technology development is directly proportional to the emergence of various applications as access media. Currently, many Smart Home applications do not use the concept of human-machine interaction (HMI). The problem that often arises in the interaction between humans and machines is that humans must understand what the machine wants to have wrong perceptions about the system. In this study, the solution is proposed with the HMI concept, which uses natural language interaction through the chatbot application as an interactive medium to control and monitor Smart Home devices. In this study, the chatbot application implements the Natural Language Processing (NLP) text recognition process. User acceptance of the system is carried out using the evaluation stage. Thirty users participated in an in-depth usage study in which they tackled using the system. This research aims to create an application that can make it easier for users to control various devices on a Smart Home through natural language interaction and to analyze the performance of the NLP method. The results showed that most users (90%) believed that the application can help users control and monitor Smart Home devices. The NLP application on the chatbot application provides a success rate of 93.3% where the results obtained from the chatbot response depend on the completeness of the token. © 2021. All Rights Reserved

    Author keywords

    chatbot application; natural language processing; Smart home

    This article can be accessed at: https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85110006231

  • IoT Implementation for Server Room Security Monitoring Using Telegram API

    IoT Implementation for Server Room Security Monitoring Using Telegram API

    Authors: Mochamad Fajar Wicaksono ; Myrna Dwi Rahmatya; Ilham

    DOI: 10.18517/ijaseit.12.5.13922

    Abstract

    This research aims to create a system that can monitor server room security by utilizing IoT technology, controllers, sensors, actuators, and Telegram API. The system made includes security for the indoor and outdoor parts. The method used in this study is experimental. The output obtained by the user is telegram text messages, photos, and video. The main controller on this system is the Raspberry Pi. This study showed that if the server room temperature is >230C, the system will send a message via Telegram. If the PIR sensor_1 or PIR sensor_2 detects an intruder or the measured distance is <300cm from the side of the door, the system will send text messages, photos, and videos via Telegram. That way, the user can determine the next steps related to the condition of the server room. However, if the RFID tag is recognized, the solenoid door lock, PIR, and ultrasonic will be deactivated. Other features, Users can ask the system to record a video of the room conditions and also messages related to room temperature through commands sent via Telegram messages. Testing is carried out using 3 scenarios: testing command, testing regarding valid access, and testing regarding invalid temperature and intruder detection. Overall test results show all these tests were successful 100% and followed the objectives and program scenarios. This tool has fulfilled the objective where this tool can monitor the condition and security of the server room by utilizing IoT technology. © 2022, International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology. All Rights Reserved.

    Author keywords

    Iot; Monitoring; Raspberry pi; Server room; Telegram
    This article can be accessed at: https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85141765608

  • Exploring the Landscape of Deep Learning Techniques for IoT Data: A Systematic Literature Review

    Exploring the Landscape of Deep Learning Techniques for IoT Data: A Systematic Literature Review

    Authors: Ansarullah Lawi ; Aulia Agung Dermawan ; Dwi Ely Kurniawan ; Ivan Muhammad Reza ; Feberlian Elisabeth Gulo ; Zainal Arifin Hasibuan

    DOI: 10.18517/ijaseit.15.2.20226

    Abstract

    The rapid evolution of software, hardware, and internet technology has enabled the proliferation of internet-connected sensor tools that gather information and observations from the physical world. The IoT comprises billions of intelligent devices, extending physical and virtual boundaries. However, traditional data processing methods face significant challenges in handling the vast volume and variety of IoT data. This paper systematically reviews. These devices generate vast amounts of data daily, with diverse applications crucial for generating new knowledge, identifying future trends, and making informed decisions. This underscores IoT’s value and enhances technology. Deep learning (DL) has significantly enhanced IoT and mobile applications, demonstrating promising outcomes. Its data-driven, anomaly-based approach for detecting emerging threats positions it well for IoT intrusion detection. This paper proposes a comprehensive framework leveraging DL techniques to address data processing challenges in IoT environments and enhance intelligence and application capabilities. Furthermore, this study systematically reviews and categorizes existing deep learning techniques applied in IoT, identifies critical challenges in IoT data processing, and provides actionable insights to inspire further research in this domain. It discusses the introduction of IoT and its data processing challenges and explores various DL approaches applied to IoT data. Significant DL efforts in IoT are surveyed and summarized, focusing on datasets, features, applications, and challenges to inspire further advancements in this field. © (2025), (International Journal on Advanced Science). All rights reserved.

    Author keywords

    anomaly detection; data processing; deep learning; IoT; literature review
    This article can be accessed at: https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105005194401

  • UNIKOM, with the Director of Courses and Training of The Ministry of Education, Conducted a Strategic Audience: Initiation of a Course-Based Higher Education Association to Expand Access to Education

    UNIKOM, with the Director of Courses and Training of The Ministry of Education, Conducted a Strategic Audience: Initiation of a Course-Based Higher Education Association to Expand Access to Education

    BANDUNG, UNIKOM — On Thursday, March 12, 2026, Universitas Komputer Indonesia (UNIKOM) hosted a strategic meeting with the Director of Courses and Training from the Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education, along with leaders of several higher education institutions. The meeting aimed to strengthen the transformation of course and training institutions into higher education providers and was held at the Rector’s Office, 15th Floor, UNIKOM Smart Building.

    In an interview, UNIKOM Rector  Prof. 3 Prof. HC. Dr. Ir. Eddy Soeryanto Soegoto, M.T., emphasized that the meeting marked an important milestone in building national synergy through the establishment of an association for universities originating from Lembaga Kursus dan Pelatihan (LKP), course and training institutions. This initiative is expected to enhance inter-institutional collaboration, improve education quality, and broaden public access to higher education. “UNIKOM itself is a clear example of transformation from a LKP into STMIK and STIE, and eventually into a university. This model is quite common in Indonesia, and the number is significant,” he explained.

    Prof. Eddy further noted that the proposed association aims to bring together course-based higher education institutions, particularly in optimizing the Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL) scheme. This program is considered strategic in providing opportunities for course alumni, both experienced individuals and recent graduates to pursue higher education. “Most course participants come from backgrounds with limited access to higher education. Through RPL, they can be guided and supported to continue their studies at universities, including UNIKOM and other institutions,” he added. He also confirmed that UNIKOM has opened the RPL admission pathway for the 2026/2027 academic year, in line with government efforts to expand access to higher education through this scheme.

    Meanwhile, Dr. Yaya Sutarya, S.Pd., M.Pd., Director of Courses and Training at the Ministry of Education and Culture’s Office Complex, stated that the meeting aimed to invite UNIKOM to participate in the formation of a national forum that would serve as a platform for the aspirations of LKP alumni whose institutions have transformed into universities or polytechnics. “We want to build a forum capable of accommodating and advocating for the interests of LKP alumni, from institutional development and student affairs to management systems,” said Dr. Yaya.

    Dr. Yaya also emphasized that UNIKOM was chosen as a strategic partner due to its inspiring track record in transforming from a small training institution into a leading university offering education from the undergraduate to the doctoral level. “UNIKOM experience serves as a concrete example of the successful transformation of a vocational training institution into a university. Therefore, we hope this collaboration can be implemented on a large scale and have a broad impact on the development of education in Indonesia,” he added.

    Through the establishment of this association and the optimization of the RPL program, stakeholders expect to create an inclusive, adaptive, and sustainable education ecosystem capable of addressing the challenges of improving human resources in the modern era. (Directorate of Hms & Pro).

  • Technological Synergy for Modern Defense: UNIKOM and PUSSENARMED Officially Form a Strategic Partnership

    Technological Synergy for Modern Defense: UNIKOM and PUSSENARMED Officially Form a Strategic Partnership

    BANDUNG, UNIKOM — Amid the rapid surge of technology in the era of modern warfare, defense dynamics are no longer reliant solely on physical strength, but increasingly on innovation and mastery of advanced technologies. Accelerated developments in fields such as Artificial Intelligence, drone systems, and cyber technology have transformed the battlefield into one that is more complex, fast-paced, and data-driven. Universitas Komputer Indonesia (UNIKOM), in collaboration with the Indonesian Army Field Artillery Center (PUSSENARMED), established a partnership through an official meeting and the signing of a Cooperation Agreement (PKS) on Thursday, April 2, 2026.

    The event took place at the Grand Meeting Room, 15th Floor of the UNIKOM Smart Building. UNIKOM Rector, Prof. 3 Prof. HC. Dr. Ir. Eddy Soeryanto Soegoto, M.T., was present alongside the university’s Vice Rectors, Deans, Director of INFRANET UNIKOM, and Head of the Cooperation Division. The PUSSENARMED delegation was led by Major General TNI Budi Eko Mulyono, S.Sos., M.Han., CHRMP., along with his team. The occasion marked an important milestone in strengthening collaboration between higher education institutions and national defense entities, particularly in advancing science, technology, and the development of competitive human resources in an increasingly complex global landscape.

    Rector UNIKOM, Prof. 3 Prof. HC. Dr. Ir. Eddy Soeryanto Soegoto, M.T., emphasized in his remarks the importance of synergy between the academic world and the defense sector in addressing the challenges of the digital era. Prof. Eddy stated, “On this occasion, we are honored to receive a visit from ARMED, namely Major General Budi and his delegation. UNIKOM itself has directorates and divisions related to robotics, rockets, digital & ICT, and Artificial Intelligence. We will collaborate on these to develop increasingly advanced systems,” said Prof. Eddy.

    Furthermore, Prof. Eddy also emphasized that this collaboration is expected to provide added value in the development of human resources as well as national defense technology innovation. “We want to share and assist so that ARMED can create new technologies applicable to weapon systems, while bringing honor to the name of the Indonesian nation,” added Prof. Eddy.

    Meanwhile, Commander of PUSSENARMED, Major General TNI Budi Eko Mulyono, underscored the urgency of this collaboration in supporting the modernization of national defense systems. “Through this cooperation with UNIKOM, we aim to facilitate the transfer of technological capabilities into our environment to support defense operations. The collaboration will follow the framework of the Tri Dharma of Higher Education, including research, educational exchange, and community service,” he explained.

    He also noted that the initiative is driven by the need for technological transformation within the military from manual systems toward more advanced and integrated modern systems. During the meeting, several strategic points were discussed, including the transition from conventional to digital-based defense technologies that are more effective and precise, the increasing reliance of modern warfare on technologies such as drones, missiles, and automated systems, collaborative development of adaptive technologies aligned with the evolving complexity of warfare, joint research in Artificial Intelligence and robotics-based weapon systems, and UNIKOM’s role as a strategic partner in facilitating research, development, and real-world implementation within PUSSENARMED.

    The event continued with the formal signing of the Cooperation Agreement as a commitment to this strategic partnership, followed by an interactive discussion session. The PUSSENARMED delegation also visited the UNIKOM x Google Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, “AI Learning Center,” to observe firsthand the technological innovations being developed.

    Through the collaboration between UNIKOM and PUSSENARMED, UNIKOM further solidifies its role as an adaptive and innovative university, actively contributing to the development of modern, self-reliant, and globally competitive national defense technology. (Directorate of Hms & Pro).

    Translated by: Gengria/DMUnikom

  • UNIKOM Strengthens Synergy with the Government, Attends the 2026 Coblong District Halal Bihalal

    UNIKOM Strengthens Synergy with the Government, Attends the 2026 Coblong District Halal Bihalal

    BANDUNG, UNIKOM — On Tuesday, March 31, 2026, UNIKOM, represented by the Directorate of Public Relations and Protocol of the Universitas Komputer Indonesia (UNIKOM), attended the Coblong Subdistrict Halal Bihalal event during the Eid al-Fitr 1447 H celebration, carrying the theme “Strengthening Faith, Uniting Hearts in Togetherness.” The event was held at the Sheraton Bandung Hotel & Towers, Jl. Ir. H. Juanda No. 390, Dago, Coblong Subdistrict, Bandung City. The Halal Bihalal event served as a strategic momentum to strengthen the relationship between higher education institutions and regional government apparatuses.

    Various stakeholders attended the event, including representatives from the Bandung City Regional People’s Representative Council (DPRD), the Coblong Subdistrict government, the Coblong Police Station, the Coblong Military District Command (Babinsa), as well as the heads of Community Units (RW) and Neighborhood Units (RT) within the Coblong Subdistrict, including UNIKOM as one of the private universities located in the Coblong Subdistrict.

    The event served not only as a gathering to foster camaraderie following the Eid al-Fitr holiday but was also combined with the retirement ceremony for Coblong Subdistrict Head Krinda Hamidipradja, S.H., M.Si., who officially retired on April 1, 2026. An emotional and familial atmosphere marked the handover ceremony with his successor, interspersed with the presentation of awards as a token of appreciation for Krinda’s dedication and service in leading the Coblong Subdistrict from 2019 to 2026.

    The series of events commenced with an activity report from the Organizing Chairman and Secretary of Coblong District, Cecep Rohmat Soleh. He stated that the momentum of Eid al-Fitr is a strategic means to strengthen communal ties (silaturahmi), build harmonization, and unite the vision between the government and the community. Furthermore, the event served as a form of appreciation for PKK (Family Welfare Empowerment) and Posyandu (Integrated Healthcare Center) cadres through the presentation of awards for their performance and innovation at the district level. Cecep also highlighted the farewell to the Head of Coblong District, who has demonstrated a long history of dedicated loyalty in government service.

    Meanwhile, a Member of the Bandung City Regional People’s Representative Council (DPRD), Nina Fitriana Sutadi, S.I.P., M.I.P., in her speech, expressed appreciation for the organization of the Halal Bihalal, which she regarded as a crucial space to reinforce community unity and togetherness. She explained that the Halal Bihalal tradition holds historical value as a means of social reconciliation, born from efforts to resolve conflicts and strengthen interpersonal relationships. Furthermore, Nina urged the community to continue fostering the spirit of togetherness, strengthening social resilience, and remaining adaptive in facing future challenges by promoting a healthy and productive lifestyle.

    During the interview session, the Director of Public Relations and Protocol of UNIKOM, Dr. Ir. Yuni Mogot, M.Si., CPR., who attended in her capacity representing the Rector of UNIKOM, Prof. Dr. (H.C.) Ir. Eddy Soeryanto Soegoto, M.T., stated that UNIKOM’s presence is a manifestation of the university’s commitment to building synergy with the government and the community. She emphasized that UNIKOM does not merely act as an educational institution but also as a strategic partner in human resource development and community empowerment within the Coblong District. Through this Halal Bihalal momentum, it is hoped that collaboration between academia and the regional government can continue to be sustainably strengthened.

    UNIKOM’s participation in the Coblong District Halal Bihalal embodies the institution’s commitment to strengthening partnerships with the government and the public. The momentum of this event simultaneously serves as a strategic space to improve communication, synergy, and sustainable collaboration among the academic sphere, government authorities, and the surrounding community in order to propel Bandung City toward greater excellence and competitiveness. (Directorate of Hms & Pro)

    Translated by: Salma/DMUnikom